What is a distribution transformer and how it works?

What is a distribution transformer and how it works?

Distribution transformers are devices used in grid infrastructure to facilitate the distribution of electrical energy. These devices are designed to reduce the voltage of electrical energy transmitted over long distances to a lower voltage that can be safely distributed for domestic and commercial use.

To understand the function of distribution transformers, it is important to understand how electrical energy is transmitted over long distances. Power plants generate high voltage electricity. High voltage electricity is transmitted using high voltage transmission lines. However, the high voltages carried in power lines are not safe for use in homes and businesses.

Distribution transformers are used to step down the high voltage electricity delivered by power plants to keep it safe and useful. These devices are often located at multiple points on the transmission line between substations and can be easily identified by their distinctive physical appearance.

Distribution transformers consist of a set of coils made of copper wire surrounding a ferromagnetic core. One coil is called the primary winding or high side, while the other coil is called the secondary winding or low side and is designed to operate at a lower voltage. The role of the transformer is to convert the high-voltage electricity transmitted through the primary coil into low-voltage electricity that can be used by consumers. This is done by transferring electrical energy from the primary coil to the secondary coil.

Distribution transformers work on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When a time-varying current is passed through the coil, it creates a magnetic field that induces a current in another nearby coil. By changing the frequency of the power passing through the primary coil, a transformer changes the voltage at which the power is transmitted.

Distribution transformers play a vital role in modern society as they are essential for the safe and efficient transmission of electrical energy from power plants to end users. They are used to power a variety of purposes, such as running appliances, machinery and lighting in homes, offices and factories.

In summary, a distribution transformer is a device used to reduce the voltage of high voltage electricity delivered by power plants to a useful low voltage for homes and businesses. Transformers work on the principle of electromagnetic induction and consist of two coils surrounding a ferromagnetic core. These devices are an essential part of the grid infrastructure, ensuring the safe and efficient distribution of electrical energy throughout the electricity supply network.